This campaign will pursue the above central science question and associated issues through an interdisciplinary, cross cutting approach integrating field expeditions, modeling, and satellite remote sensing. Central to the success of this program is a quantitative and reliable determination of chemical and biological fluxes to and from open water, ice and snow surfaces, as a function of relevant environmental conditions such as the nature of the surfaces. This will be pursued in ways that couple remotely sensed information to that obtained via state-of-the-art chemical, physical and biological sensors located in water, on or under ice, and in the atmosphere (e.g., autonomous vehicles or micrometeorological instrumentation). Observations will address ocean biology and biogeochemistry and related processes. Traditional remotely sensed (e.g., ocean color, sea ice, etc) observations will be utilized, or the development of new biological and biogeochemical properties from space-based assets explored in support of the project objectives. Assimilation and synthesis of data will benefit from coupled atmosphere, biology/ecology, ocean, and sea ice linked modeling.